摘要: |
为进一步了解黔东南蓝莓花期灰霉病的滋生和大范围流行与气象条件的关系,更好地为灰霉病的防治和蓝莓生产提供决策参考,根据近10 a灰霉病的发生程度,确定其分级指标,结合黔东南蓝莓主要种植区的麻江县宣威镇光明村龙崩、龙山镇乌卡坪和丹寨县兴仁镇自动气象站逐日降水、气温、相对湿度等气象观测资料,对灰霉病发生程度与气象因子进行相关分析,重点分析蓝莓花期灰霉病重度发生年的2014年、2016年和2019年4月气象要素特征及其影响。结果表明:蓝莓开花期与灰霉病发生所需气温条件基本一致,最适宜气温均为15~20 ℃。降水引起的高湿条件是蓝莓灰霉病发病的决定性条件,灰霉病发生程度与空气相对湿度、降水日数和白天降水日数均呈显著正相关,灰霉病发生等级随降水日数和相对湿度的增加而加重。当降水日数>22 d、且最长连续降水日数>13 d,同时白天降水日数>11 d、白天最长连续降水日数>3 d 时,灰霉病感病率可达50%~70%,即中—重级感染程度;当降水日数>23 d、且最长连续降水日数>11 d,同时白天降水日数>16 d、白天最长连续降水日数>9 d时,灰霉病感病率可达70%~90%,即重级感染程度;当平均相对湿度>88%,且持续时间达11 d以上时,可能诱发大范围中—重度灰霉病发生;当平均相对湿度>90%,且持续时间达到14 d以上时,可能诱发大范围重度灰霉病发生。 |
关键词: 黔东南;蓝莓花期;灰霉病;气象条件 |
DOI: |
投稿时间:2021-07-21 |
基金项目:贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2360):贵州蓝莓花期灰霉病发生发展气象学机制及流行规律研究;黔东南州科技计划项目(黔东南科合J字[2019]154号):春季连阴雨天气成因及预报模型研究 |
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Analysis on Weather Characteristics of Severe Blueberry Disease in Southeast Guizhou |
BAI Hui,ZHANG Chao,DENG Xuejun,LIU Xunxun,OUYANG Daliang,LIANG Ping |
(Qiandongnan Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province, Kaili 556000 ,China) |
Abstract: |
In order to further understand the relationship between the breeding and widespread epidemic of gray mold at flowering stage and meteorological conditions in southeast Guizhou, and provide a better reference for the prevention and control of gray mold and blueberry production, the classification index of gray mold was determined according to the occurrence degree of gray mold in the past 10 years. Based on the daily precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and other meteorological observation data of automatic weather stations in Longbeng, Guangming Village, Xuanwei Town, Majiang County, Wukaping, Longshan Town and Xingren Town, Danzhai County, the occurrence degree of gray mildew and meteorological factors in the main blueberry growing areas of southeast Guizhou province were analyzed. The characteristics and effects of meteorological elements in April of 2014, 2016 and 2019 were analyzed. The results show that the blueberry flowering period was basically consistent with the temperature conditions required for the occurrence of gray mold, and the most suitable temperature was 15~20 ℃. The high humidity condition caused by precipitation is the decisive condition for the incidence of blueberry gray mold. The occurrence degree of gray mold has a very significant positive correlation with the relative humidity of the air, the number of precipitation days and the number of days of daytime precipitation. The occurrence level of gray mold varies with the number of precipitation days and relative. The increase in humidity is aggravated. When the number of precipitation days>22 d, and the longest continuous precipitation days>13 d, meanwhile the number of daytime precipitation days>11 d, and the longest continuous precipitation days>3 d during the olay, the gray mold susceptibility rate can reach 50%~70%, that is, moderate to severe degree of infection; when the number of precipitation days>23 d, and the longest continuous precipitation days>11 d, meanwhile the number of daytime precipitation days>16 d, and the longest continuous precipitation days>9d during the day, the gray mold susceptibility rate can reach 70%~90%, that is, serious grade infection degree; when the average relative humidity is more than 88% and the duration is more than 11 days, it may induce a wide range of moderate to severe gray mold; when the average relative humidity is more than 90% and the duration is more than 14 days, it may be induce a wide range of severe gray mold. |
Key words: Southeast in Guizhou;blueberry florescence;gray mold; meteorological conditions |