Abstract: Prof. Pei Wenzhong (1904-1982) was one of the pioneers and founders of prehistoric archaeology in China. Throughout his research career for more than 50 years, he devoted all his energy to the accumulation of archaeological discoveries, the perfection of the archaeological theoretical system and the training of new archaeologists.Prof. Pei Wenzhong began his academic career from his excavation at Zhoukoudian, Beijing, the famous site of Peking Man (Homo erectus) as well as a world cultural treasure-house. When he got to work at the locality in 1928, he was a young man just graduated from Peking University. In the next .year, however, he took on the overall direction of the excavation, and managed to discover the first-known fossil skull of Peking Man right in the same year, on 2nd December 1929, which caused a great sensation in academic circles. Soon he affirmed with his keen observation that there existed stone artifacts and traces of fire-using, which led him to go further to reform the excavating method aiming at searching faunal fossils and to change his attention to the archaeological aspect. In 1932, he began to carry out well-planed excavations divided by squares and established complete archives of unearthed data, which marked new era in the excavation at Zhoukoudian and was a great contribution of Prof. Pei Wenzhong to Chinese archaeology. It was in his later years that he finished his study on the stone assemblages from Zhoukoudian, and on the basis of systematization of the stratum and comprehensive research he made an explicit description on the distinctive features and developmental tendency of the Peking Man culture.