Main Control Factors of Shale Gas Differential Vertical Enrichment in Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation, Southwest Sichuan Basin, China
-
摘要: 川西南地区筇竹寺组发育多套富有机质页岩，但上部优质页岩的含气性明显好于下部优质页岩.应用热解实验、物性测试、全岩矿物X衍射、低温氮气吸附、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜等方法对筇竹寺组页岩地化、储层、封盖条件等开展分析，揭示筇竹寺组页岩气纵向差异富集的主控因素.研究表明，页岩气差异富集的主要控制因素为：（1）页岩有机质富集程度：筇竹寺组上部页岩段TOC含量相对较高、分布集中，下部优质页岩段TOC含量较低且分布不均、分散，从而导致页岩纵向生烃物质条件、有机质孔隙发育及微孔（比表面）的差异.（2）页岩岩矿组成及储层特征：上部优质页岩段粘土含量高且以伊蒙混层为主，有利于吸附气富集，该页岩段以有机质孔隙为主，微孔相对比较发育但孔隙度较高，下部优质页岩以粘土矿物孔、脆性矿物粒间孔及微裂缝为主，介孔相对比较发育但孔隙度较低.（3）保存条件：上页岩段顶底板发育完整且岩性致密，对页岩气层具有较好的保护作用；下页优质岩段底部存在碳酸盐岩古风化壳，底板对页岩气的保存能力薄弱.因此，TOC含量高、粘土矿物含量高、有机质孔隙发育、顶底板条件好是决定上部优质页岩段含气性优于下部页岩段的主要因素.Abstract: Multiple shale gas intervals occur in the Qiongzhusi Formation in the Southwest Sichuan basin,where gas contents in upper shale section are significantly higher than those in the lower shale section. Main control factors of shale gas differential vertical enrichment in Qiongzhusi Formation were understood through analyzing geochemical feature,reservoir and sealing conditions with rock pyrolysis,physical experiements,XRD diffraction,and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The main control factors can be summarized as follows. (1) TOC content. It is higher and enriched in the upper shale section but lower and scattered in the lower shale section,resulting in the difference in hydrocarbon generation,organic pores and micro-pore growth. (2) Mineral component and reservoir property. The upper shale is characterized by high clay mineral content,especially I/S content,which contributes to the absorbed gas. The porosity of upper shale is higher than that of lower shale,where organic pores are the main pore space. The lower shales are mainly composed of clay mineral pores,intergranular pores and micro-fractures. Compared with the lower shales,the clay mineral content in the upper shale is higher,which is dominated by I/S mixed layer that can make an important contribution to the enrichment of adsorbed gas. (3) Sealing conditions. The top and floor of the upper shale section are well developed,however,the bottom of the lower shale section is relatively weak due to the existence of paleo-weathering carbonate crust at the bottom of the shale. Therefore,high TOC,high clay mineral content and well-developed organic pores,good sealing conditions contribute to the enrichment of shale gas at upper shale section.
-
图 1 四川盆地筇竹寺组沉积相平面分布
Fig. 1. Deposition map of the Qiongzhusi Formation in Southwest Sichuan basin
图 3 筇竹寺组页岩有机显微组分特征
a.裂缝与粒间孔隙中的固体沥青，JY1井，3 275 m；b.微粒化藻类体，JY1井，3 312 m
Fig. 3. Characteristics of organic macerals in the Qiongzhusi shales
图 4 筇竹寺组页岩TOC随深度变化
Fig. 4. Histogram showing TOC variations with depth in the Qiongzhusi shales
图 5 筇竹寺组上部优质页岩和下部优质页岩富集特征对比
a. JY1井，筇竹寺组页岩，3 294.9 m；b. JY1井，筇竹寺组页岩，3 616.2 m
Fig. 5. Enrichment difference of upper and lower organic-rich shales in the Qiongzhusi Formation
图 6 筇竹寺组不同页岩层段孔隙度变化
Fig. 6. Variations of porosity in different shale reservoirs in the Qiongzhusi Formation
图 7 JY1井筇竹寺组页岩孔隙分类及孔隙结构特征
a.粘土矿物间有机孔隙，3 294.9 m；b.草莓状黄铁矿间的有机孔隙，3 294.9 m；c~d.下部优质页岩段发育粘土矿物孔，粒间孔、粒内孔及微裂缝，3 584.0 m(c)、3 309.1 m(d)；e.下部页岩局部发育有机孔隙，3 544.6 m；f.粘土矿物被黄铁矿晶粒支撑，3 296.3 m
Fig. 7. Pore types and pore structure in the Qiongzhusi shales from Well JY1
图 8 JY1井筇竹寺组上部优质页岩(a)和下部优质页岩(b)孔径分布
Fig. 8. Pore diameters of upper organic-rich shale (a) and lower organic-rich shale (b) in the Qiongzhusi Formation, Well JY1
图 9 筇竹寺组页岩TOC与比表面关系
Fig. 9. Cross plot of TOC vs. specific surface area of the Qiongzhusi shales
图 10 筇竹寺组页岩矿物组成(a)及粘土矿物组成三角图(b)
Fig. 10. Ternary diagrams showing mineral components (a) and clay minerals (b) of the Qiongzhusi shales
图 11 JY1井埋藏史(a)及岩心构造裂缝发育特征(b)
Fig. 11. Burial history of Well JY1 (a) and structural fractures of core sample (b)
图 12 下寒武统筇竹寺组保存条件对比及差异富集模式
Fig. 12. Comparison of sealing conditions and differences of gas enrichment in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation
表 1 JY1井筇竹寺组上部优质页岩和下部优质页岩孔径比例
Table 1. Pore populations of upper and lower organic-rich shale in the Qiongzhusi Formation, Well JY1
优质页岩段 < 2 nm 2~10 nm 10~50 nm 50~100 nm 100~500 nm > 500 nm 上部 26.99% 34.08% 23.73% 0.74% 3.41% 11.04% 下部 10.16% 33.66% 39.94% 0.66% 0.98% 14.6% 
下载: 导出CSV
-
Chalmers, G. R., Bustin, R. M., Power, I. M., 2012. Characterization of Gas Shale Pore Systems by Porosimetry, Pycnometry, Surface Area, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy/Transmission Electron Microscopy image Analyses:Examples from the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Marcellus, and Doig Units. AAPG Bulletin, 96(6):1099-1119. https://doi.org/10.1306/10171111052 Curtis, M. E., Cardott, B. J., Sondergeld, C. H., et al., 2012. Development of Organic Porosity in the Woodford Shale with Increasing Thermal Maturity. International Journal of Coal Geology, 103:26-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.08.004 Dong, D.Z., Gao, S.K., Huang, J.L., et al., 2014. A Discussion on the Shale Gas Exploration & Development Prospect in the Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 34(12):1-15 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201202029 Guo, X.S., 2014. Rules of Two-Factor Enrichment for Marine Shale Gas in Southern China-Understanding from the Longmaxi Formation Shale Gas in Sichuan Basin and Its Surrounding Area. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88(7):1209-1218 (in Chinese with English abstract). Guo, X.S., Hu, D.F., Wen, Z.D., et al., 2014. Major Factors Controlling the Accumulation and High Productivity in Marine Shale Gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Sichuan Basin and Its Periphery:A Case Study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation of Jiaoshiba Area. Geology in China, 41(3):893-901 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DIZI201403016.htm Hickey, J. J., Henk, B., 2007. Lithofacies Summary of the Mississippian Barnett Shale, Mitchell 2 T.P. Sims Well, Wise County, Texas. AAPG Bulletin, 91(4): 437-443. https://doi.org/10.1306/12040606053 Huang, J.L., Zou, C.N., Li, J.Z., et al., 2012. Shale Gas Generation and Potential of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Southern Sichuan Basin, China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 39(1):69-75 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syktykf201201008 Ji, L.M., Qiu, J.L., Xia, Y.Q., et al., 2012a. Micro-Pore Characteristics and Methane Adsorption Properties of Common Clay Minerals by Electron Microscope Scanning. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 33(2):249-256 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syxb201202009 Ji, L.M., Qiu, J.L., Zhang, T.W., et al., 2012b. Experiments on Methane Adsorption of Common Clay Minerals in Shale. Earth Science, 37(5):1043-1050 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2012.111 Jin, Z.J., Hu, Z.Q., Gao, B., et al., 2016. Controlling Factors on the Enrichment and High Productivity of Shale Gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations, Southeastern Sichuan Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 23(1):1-10 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201601001 Li, J., Jin, W.J., Wang, L., et al., 2016. Quantitative Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Pore Size Distribution by NMR:A Case from the Silurian Longmaxi Formation Gas Shale in Fuling Area, Sichuan Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 37(1):129-134 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu, S.G., Deng, B., Luba J., et al., 2018. Multi-Stage Basin Development and Hydrocarbon Accumulations:A Review of the Sichuan Basin at Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Earth Science, 29(2):307-325. doi: 10.1007/s12583-017-0904-8 Liu, Z.B., Gao, B., Hu, Z.Q., et al., 2017. Reservoir Characteristics and Pores Formation and Evolution of High Maturated Organic Rich Shale:A Case Study of Lower Cambrian Jiumenchong Formation, Southern Guizhou Area. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 38(12):1381-1389 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201712005 Loucks, R. G., Reed, R. M., Ruppel, S. C., et al., 2009. Morphology, Genesis, and Distribution of Nanometer-Scale Pores in Siliceous Mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 79(12):848-861. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.092 Luo, X.P., Wu, P., Zhao, J.H., et al., 2015. Study Advances on Organic Pores in Organic Matter-Rich Mud Shale. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 42(1):50-59 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cdlgxyxb201501007 Ma, W.X., Liu, S.G., Huang, W. M., et al., 2012. Mud Shale Reservoirs Characteristics of Qiongzhusi Formation on the Margin of Sichuan Basin, China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 39(2):182-189 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cdlgxyxb201202011 Ma, Z.L., Zheng, L.J., Xu, X.H., et al., 2017. Thermal Simulation Experiment on the Formation and Evolution of Organic Pores in Organic-Rich Shale. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 38(1):23-30 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syxb201701003 Milliken, K. L., Rudnicki, M., Awwiller, D. N., et al., 2013. Organic Matter-Hosted Pore System, Marcellus Formation (Devonian), Pennsylvania. AAPG Bulletin, 97(2):177-200. https://doi.org/10.1306/07231212048 Nie, H.K., Jin, Z.J., Bian, R.K., et al., 2016. The "Source-Cap Hydrocarbon-Controlling" Enrichment of Shale Gas in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and Its periphery. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 37(5):557-571 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syxb201605001 Pommer, M., Milliken, K., 2015. Pore Types and Pore-Size Distributions across Thermal Maturity, Eagle Ford Formation, Southern Texas. AAPG Bulletin, 99(9):1713-1744. https://doi.org/10.1306/03051514151 Ross, D. J. K., Bustin, R. M., 2008. Characterizing the Shale Gas Resource Potential of Devonian-Mississippian Strata in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin:Application of an Integrated Formation Evaluation. AAPG Bulletin, 92(1):87-125. https://doi.org/10.1306/09040707048 Ross, D. J. K., Bustin, R.M., 2009. The Importance of Shale Composition and Pore Structure upon Gas Storage Potential of Shale Gas Reservoirs. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(6):916-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.06.004 Wang, P. W., Chen, Z. H., Jin, Z. J., et al., 2018. Shale Oil and Gas Resources in Organic Pores of the Devonian Duvernay Shale, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin Based on Petroleum System Modeling. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 50:33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.10.027 Wang, P.W., Chen, Z.H., Jin, Z.J., et al., 2019. Optimizing Parameter "Total Organic Carbon Content" for Shale Oil and Gas Resource Assessment:Taking West Canada Sedimentary Basin Devonian Duvernay Shale as an Example. Earth Science, 44(2):504-512 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2019.191 Wang, S.F., Zhang, Z.Y., Dong, D.Z., et al., 2016. Microscopic Pore Structure and Reasons Making Reservoir Property Weaker of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale, Sichuan Basin, China. Natural Gas Geoscience, 27(9):1619-1628 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqdqkx201609007 Wang, X.Z., Zhang, L.X., Lei, Y.H., et al., 2018. Characteristics of Migrated Solid Organic Matters and Organic Pores in Low Maturity Lacustrine Shale:A Case Study of the Shale in Chang 7 Oil-Bearing Formation of Yanchang Formation, Southeastern Ordos Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 39(2):141-151 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201802002 Wood, D. A., Hazra, B., 2017. Characterization of Organic-Rich Shales for Petroleum Exploration & Exploitation:A Review-Part 2:Geochemistry, Thermal Maturity, Isotopes and Biomarkers. Journal of Earth Science, 28(5):758-778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0733-9 Yan, C.Z., Huang, Y.Z., Ge, C.M., et al., 2009.Shale Gas:Enormous Potential of Unconventional Natural Gas Resources. Natural Gas Industry, 29(5):1-6 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqdqkx201712001 Yu, B.S., 2013. Classification and Characterization of Gas Shale Pore System. Earth Science Frontiers, 20(4):211-220 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201304017 Zhang, H., Jiang, S.J., Pang, Q.F., et al., 2015. SEM Observation of Organic Matter in the Eopaleozoic Shale in South China. Oil & Gas Geology, 36(4):675-680 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhao, X.R., Shi, X.Y., Wang, X.Q., et al., 2018. Stepwise Oxygenation of Early Cambrian Ocean Drove Early Metazoan Diversification. Earth Science, 43(11):3873-3890 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.143 董大忠, 高世葵, 黄金亮, 等, 2014.论四川盆地页岩气资源勘探开发前景.天然气工业, 34(12):1-15. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.12.001 郭旭升, 2014.南方海相页岩气"二元富集"规律——四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识.地质学报, 88(7):1209-1218. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dizhixb201407001 郭旭升, 胡东风, 文治东, 等, 2014.四川盆地及周缘下古生界海相页岩气富集高产主控因素——以焦石坝地区五峰组-龙马溪组为例.中国地质, 41(3):893-901. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2014.03.016 黄金亮, 邹才能, 李建忠, 等, 2012.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气形成条件及资源潜力.石油勘探与开发, 39(1):69-75. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syktykf201201008 吉利明, 邱军利, 夏燕青, 等, 2012a.常见黏土矿物电镜扫描微孔隙特征与甲烷吸附性.石油学报, 33(2):249-256. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201202009 吉利明, 邱军利, 张同伟, 等, 2012b.泥页岩主要黏土矿物组分甲烷吸附实验.地球科学, 37(5):1043-1050. http://www.earth-science.net/article/id/2308 金之钧, 胡宗全, 高波, 等, 2016.川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素.地学前缘, 23(1):1-10. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201601001 李军, 金武军, 王亮, 等, 2016.利用核磁共振技术确定有机孔与无机孔孔径分布——以四川盆地涪陵地区志留系龙马溪组页岩气储层为例.石油与天然气地质, 37(1):129-134. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syytrqdz201601018 刘忠宝, 高波, 胡宗全, 等, 2017.高演化富有机质页岩储层特征及孔隙形成演化——以黔南地区下寒武统九门冲组为例.石油学报, 38(12):1381-1389. doi: 10.7623/syxb201712005 罗小平, 吴飘, 赵建红, 等, 2015.富有机质泥页岩有机质孔隙研究进展.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 42(1):50-59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2015.01.07 马文辛, 刘树根, 黄文明, 等, 2012.四川盆地周缘筇竹寺组泥页岩储层特征.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 39(2):182-189. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2012.02.011 马中良, 郑伦举, 徐旭辉, 等, 2017.富有机质页岩有机孔隙形成与演化的热模拟实验.石油学报, 38(1):23-30. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201701003 聂海宽, 金之钧, 边瑞康, 等, 2016.四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气"源-盖控藏"富集.石油学报, 37(5):557-571. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syxb201605001 王鹏威, 谌卓恒, 金之钧, 等, 2019.页岩油气资源评价参数之"总有机碳含量"的优选:以西加盆地泥盆系Duvernay页岩为例.地球科学, 44(2):504-512. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.191 王淑芳, 张子亚, 董大忠, 等, 2016.四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩孔隙特征及物性变差机制探讨.天然气地球科学, 27(9):1619-1628. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqdqkx201609007 王香增, 张丽霞, 雷裕红, 等, 2018.低熟湖相页岩内运移固体有机质和有机质孔特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7油层组页岩为例.石油学报, 39(2):141-151. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syxb201802002 闫存章, 黄玉珍, 葛春梅, 等, 2009.页岩气是潜力巨大的非常规天然气资源.天然气工业, 29(5):1-6. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2009.05.001 于炳松, 2013.页岩气储层孔隙分类与表征.地学前缘, 20(4):211-220. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/qgsj201715138 张慧, 焦淑静, 庞起发, 等, 2015.中国南方早古生代页岩有机质的扫描电镜研究.石油与天然气地质, 36(4):675-680. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syytrqdz201504018 赵相宽, 史晓颖, 王新强, 等, 2018.寒武纪早期海洋阶段性氧化驱动早期后生动物多样化进程.地球科学, 43(11):3873-3890. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.143 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 5534
- HTML全文浏览量: 1616
- PDF下载量: 113
- 被引次数: 0
